Multifaceted role of one-carbon metabolism on immunometabolic control and growth during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period in dairy cattle

Table 1 Pearson correlation coefficients among hepatic cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) activity, liver triacylglycerol (TAG), dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), plasma methionine (Met), liver glutathione (GSH) and liver Met in periparal dairy cows^a

Variable	CBS activity	MTR activity	BHMT activity	Liver TAG	DMI	MY	Plasma Met	Total liver GSH	Liver Met
MTR activity	−0.17^*
BHMT activity	0.50^*	−0.002
Liver TAG	0.31^*	0.09	0.29^*
DMI	0.29^*	−0.28^*	−0.12⁺	0.16^*
MY	0.66*	−0.36^*	0.13⁺	0.05	0.78^*
Plasma Met	0.12⁺	−0.31^*	−0.07	−0.09	0.26^*	0.24^*
Total liver GSH	−0.06	0.10	0.05	−0.06	−0.06	− 0.06	−0.21^*
Liver Met	0.83^*	−0.35^*	0.84^*	0.20	0.40^*	0.88^*	−0.13	−0.14
Liver betaine	0.83^*	−0.34^*	0.84^*	0.27	−0.11	0.87^*	0.08	0.28⁺	0.97^*

^aData from three transition cow studies were used for analysis [27, 28, 64]. In the study by Zhou et al. cows were fed a total mixed ration with or without rumen-protected Met (RPM) at 0.08% DM for 21 d prepartum and 30 d postpartum. Vailati-Riboni et al. fed diets with or without RPM at 0.10% DM for 28 d prepartum and 60 d postpartum. In the last study, a 2 × 2 factorial design of body condition score (BCS) and energy level during the peripartal period was used: 2 prepartum BCS categories [4.0 (thin, BCS 4) and 5.0 (optimal, BCS 5); 10-point scale] and 2 levels of energy intake during the 3 weeks. preceding calving (75% or 125% of estimated requirements) obtained via allowance (m²/cow) of fresh pasture composed of mostly perennial ryegrass and white clover. Due to the large range and distribution of the metabolomics data variables for liver Met and betaine, they were log-transformed. Values reported in the graphs are log values
^*P ≤ 0.05; ⁺P ≤ 0.10

ISSN: 2049-1891